In this sense, noise may be of many types. The possible types of noise simply increase when you add the cross-cultural dimension. Every encounter between two or more human beings can be analyzed as a communication event.
In every communication event, cultural information is unconsciously exchanged. The greater the differences in culture, the more noise there is to interfere with the communication. Noise refers to anything introduced into the message that is not included in it by [the] sender. Noise was introduced as a concept in communication theory by Shannon and Weaver in the s.
They were mostly concerned with mechanical noise, such as the distortion of a voice on the telephone or interference with a television signal producing snow on the TV screen. In the succeeding decades, other kinds of noise have been recognized as potentially important problems for communication:. Brown Shirley G. What is Technical Communication? Noise can be external a physical sound or internal a mental disturbance , and it can disrupt the communication process at any point.
Another way to think of noise, notes Alan Jay Zaremba, author of "Crisis Communication: Theory and Practice" is as a "factor that reduces the chances of successful communication but does not guarantee failure. Craig E. Carroll, author of "The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Reputation" likens noise to second-hand smoke "having negative impacts on people without anyone's consent. Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Physical noise also can be non-auditory in nature. Pop-ups create visual noise in an online environment, just as a co-worker gesturing outside of your office window while you are in an online meeting creates visual noise. Sometimes you can control physical noise, as in asking directly at the start of on online meeting for participants to mute their sound when they are not talking.
Other times you will have no control over physical noise. Some strategies to help your audience understand your message, even with physical noise present, include repeating key information, following up an in-person meeting or presentation with an emailed summary, or repeating questions that participants ask during an online meeting.
Physiological noise deals with your own abilities to see and hear, your state of health, whether you are tired or hungry at the time of the communication, or any of many different physiological issues that can interfere with paying attention to a message.
For both in-person and electronic communications, you can offer electronic versions of your information to audience members who may need to increase font size. Technical equipment issues can interfere with your audience receiving and understanding your message. Online or video conferencing equipment may not work for everyone, connectivity may be slow, or servers may go down. To reduce technical noise, make sure that you practice with the equipment you need to use, and have a back-up plan for communicating lengthy or very important messages using a lower-tech format.
Organizational noise can occur if you are unaware of, or disregard, expected communication channels in your organization. Some organizations are structured so that employees at certain levels only communicate with employees at similar levels, while other organizations are less structured with their communication channels.
As a communicator, make sure you understand your organizational culture as much as possible. Cultural noise occurs when cultural expectations, etiquette, attitudes, and values differ. Many different cultures exist based on nationalities, ages, genders, regions, social positions, work groups, and more, and individuals belong to multiple cultures.
As a communicator, your task is to try to reduce cultural noise by being as informed as possible about your communication audience; trying to anticipate and address questions from other points of view; and using inclusive, non-biased language.
The following video was created by Japanese students to teach the concept of noise.
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