DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Meanwhile, mRNA is comparable to a copy from a reference book because it carries the same information as DNA but is not used for long-term storage and can freely exit the nucleus. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors.
Transcription factors can bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancer and promoter sequences in order to recruit RNA polymerase to an appropriate transcription site. Together, the transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex. The mRNA molecule is elongated and, once the strand is completely synthesized, transcription is terminated. The newly formed mRNA copies of the gene then serve as blueprints for protein synthesis during the process of translation.
Further Exploration Concept Links for further exploration translation transcription unit gene expression frameshift mutation nonsense mutation RNA DNA enhancer promoter differentiation gene expression transcription factor intron exon chromatin histones mutation helicase transcriptome phosphate backbone poly-A tail nuclear pore primase TATA box hairpin loop mRNA DNA polymerase mRNA chromatin remodeling cis-regulatory element RNA polymerase catabolite repression methylation.
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